Cloud Computing - A Dreamed vision for Empowering Rural India shankar paper presentation abstract

Cloud Computing - A Dreamed vision for
Empowering  Rural India

SHANKAR

VINOTH

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Abstract - Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand, like the electricity grid. Data and processes could be done online without the need of any local software or client. As long as the user knows the process and have the right security credentials, he could access the system and make the necessary changes. Data mining is automated analysis of massive data sets the extraction of interesting (non-trivial, implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful) patterns or knowledge from huge amount of data.  Knowledge discovery (mining) in databases (KDD), for the optimal utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in capacity building of local government bodies—Panchayats—and for improving service delivery to citizens. Cloud computing may lead to significant cost savings. It entails use over the Internet of computing hardware, software, infrastructure and applications that are remotely hosted. This Paper discuss about the databases should be scalable, to deal with large data over the years for E-Governance applications. Where the relational databases ensure the integrity of data at the lowest level, cloud databases could be scaled and can be used for variety of applications.

Keywords – Cloud Computing, Data Mining, and Text mining.

INTRODUCTION

The government is putting in a lot of effort towards going IT savvy and making its services more useful for citizens equally in urban and rural areas. However, there are many key issues in making the citizen-centric services accessible in rural areas. For service providers it is difficult to reach them and scale up the functionality. For the Below Poverty Line (BPL) population community accessibility and affordability are major issues. With traditional infrastructure, we need to ensure secure, cost-effective management of structured data throughout application life, from development and testing to archiving and retirement. For making the application highly available, the replication facility needs to be provided and its part of development activity which could be cumbersome. It may cause duplication of resources across various government organizations and departments. As the complexity and sophistication of the software development task has grown it needs to use increasing numbers of tools. Governments around the world are actively looking into cloud computing as a means of increasing efficiency and reducing cost

EXISTING SYSTEM

The Government of India has estimated around  `.4500 Crore for providing connectivity to all `.2.52 Lakh Panchayats across the country. Presently, e-Panchayat has 30 major modules on different aspects of rural administration. The main focus is to provide services like birth certificate, caste/tribe certificate, death certificate, application for old age and widow pension, ration card, registration of land and property, registration with state employment exchange, registering grievances with Women Commission, checking land records online.

The Common Service Centers or CSCs cater to the needs of the citizens of the villages. The aim is to provide efficient delivery of the services to the citizens at their doorstep along with bridging the digital divide

PROPOSED SYSTEM

This Research Work aims at the empowerment and development of communities at the Panchayat level by creating a virtual community and an interactive portal. It also offers transparent communication between the top-level and local functionaries, as well as between citizens and other services. With the objective of equipping all services across the country with computing hardware and connectivity we use the concept of Cloud computing.

Cloud computing is the process of taking the services and tasks performed by our computers and bringing them to the web. Through cloud computing, the web is becoming a platform. Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources

CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction

Cloud computing provides a new service consumption and delivery model inspired by Internet Services. Cloud computing drives down

Cloud computing provides on-demand, real-time network access to shared resources that can be physically located anywhere across the globe

Fig 1- Working model of Cloud Computing

CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE AND SERVICES

Cloud architecture is build with SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) Principles and hence is highly flexible and modular and can integrate with other systems. Costs and accelerates cost reduction benefit. Cloud is making rapid inroads

Cloud computing is driving a fundamental shift in the way organizations build, deploy and use applications, and it’s raising expectations on how quickly and cost-effectively new IT functionality can be made available to the business.

Software as a Service (SaaS): The consumer uses an application, but does not control the operating system, hardware or network infrastructure on which it's running.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): The consumer uses a hosting environment for their applications. The consumer controls the applications that run in the environment (and possibly has some control over the hosting environment), but does not control the operating system, hardware or network infrastructure on which they are running. The platform is typically an application framework.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): The consumer uses "fundamental computing resources" such as processing power, storage, networking components or middleware. The consumer can control the operating system, storage, deployed applications and possibly networking components such as firewalls and load balancers, but not the cloud infrastructure beneath them.

 

CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

 

Benefits of Cloud Computing

Significant Cost Reduction: Available at a fraction of the cost of traditional IT services; upfront capital expenditures eliminated; dramatically reduced IT administrative burden

Increased Flexibility: On-demand computing across technologies, business solutions and large ecosystems of providers; reduced new solution implementation times.

Access anywhere: Un-tethered from a single computer or network. Use different computer or move to portable devices, and applications and documents follow.

Elastic scalability and pay-as-you-go: Add and subtract capacity as your needs change. Pay for only what you use.

Easy to implement: No need to purchase hardware, software licenses or implementation services

Service quality: Reliable services, large storage and computing capacity, and 24/7 service and up-time.

Delegate non-critical applications: Outsource non-critical applications to service providers and focus agency IT resources on business-critical applications.

Always the latest software: Updates are automatic

Sharing documents and group collaboration: Applications and documents accessible from anywhere in the world, facilitating group collaboration on documents and projects.

DATA MINING AND TEXT MINING

Data mining involves the use of data analysis tools to discover previously unknown, valid patterns and relationships in large data sets Data mining involves the use of sophisticated data analysis tools to discover previously unknown, valid patterns and relationships in large data sets.1 These tools can include statistical models, mathematical algorithms, and machine learning methods (algorithms that improve their performance automatically through experience, such as neural networks or decision trees). Consequently, data mining consists of more than collecting and managing data, it also includes analysis and prediction.

A number of advances in technology and business processes have contributed to a growing interest in data mining in both the public and private sectors. Some of these changes include the growth of computer networks, which can be used to connect databases; the development of enhanced search-related techniques such as neural networks and advanced algorithms; the spread of the client/server computing model, allowing users to access centralized data resources from the desktop; and an increased ability to combine data from disparate sources into a single searchable source.

The purpose of Text Mining is to process unstructured (textual) information, extract meaningful numeric indices from the text, and, thus, make the information contained in the text accessible to the various data mining (statistical and machine learning) algorithms. Information can be extracted to derive summaries for the words contained in the documents or to compute summaries for the documents based on the words contained in them.

We expect text mining to be one of the important technologies in the future. When large organizations including government need to reply their customer e-mail in fast, efficient and meaningful manner.

GOVERNMENT SERVICES IN THE CLOUD

The Ministries of Indian Government uses thousand of servers across their infrastructure.

The private Cloud Environment provides a secure, centralized infrastructure for hosting government applications.

Existing back office system such as payroll, accounting and personal management, employment details can be virtualized and hosted in the private cloud.

The following Report to the People on Employment provides a framework to understand the contemporary employment scenario. It focuses on key issues of generation of quality employment for the people seeking work. The issue of providing decent work, particularly to those who are excluded and marginalized in the labour market is a central concern of this Report

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Demographic Challenge for Employment Policy

Percentage of Population in Age group 15- 59 Years

  

 

Employment during 1993-94 to 2004-2005

 

 

 

Compound Annual Growth Rate (%) of Employment

Employment Growth	1994 - 2000	2000 - 2005	2005 - 2009
Rural
Male	1.93	0.8	2.2
Female	1.37	0.03	3.61
Average	1.65	0.42	2.91
Urban
Male	3.23	2.86	3.28
Female	3.78	1.5	5.41
Average	3.51	2.18	4.35
Total
Male	2.25	1.35	2.51
Female	1.67	0.19	3.9
Average	1.96	0.77	3.21

 

 

Projected Population LFPR, LF and Employment during 2009-10 to 2014-15

	2009-2010	2010-2011	2011-2012	2012-2013	2013-2014	2014-2015
Total Population	1177	1193	1208	1224	1239	1254
Labour Force	520	530	541	552	563	574
Annual Incremental labour force	10	10	11	11	11	11
Scenario I-Employment growth (2%)	506	516	526	537	548	559
Scenario II - Employment growth (2.25%)	506	517	529	541	553	566
Scenario III - Employment growth (2.5%)	506	519	532	545	559	572
LFPR (%)	44.2	44.4	44.8	45.1	45.4	45.8

Keywords – LFPR – Labour Force Participation Rate; LF – Labour Force.  The values mentioned in the table are in millions.

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

Cloud computing builds on and complements many trends in the industry, including virtualization. There are three things to be noted 1) Users must work together, 2) Activities to keep the cloud open should be customer driven and 3) Existing standards should be used wherever possible. This paper is validation that those principles work, and they will be central to any follow-on work

While data mining represents a significant advance in the type of analytical tools currently available, there are limitations to its capability. One limitation is that although data mining can help reveal patterns and relationships, it does not tell the user the value or significance of these patterns. These types of determinations must be made by the user. A second limitation is that while data mining can identify connections between behaviors and/or variables, it does not necessarily identify a causal relationship. To be successful, data mining still requires skilled technical and analytical specialists who can structure the analysis and interpret the output that is created.

Several trends are emerging that will enable enterprises to make good use of cloud computing, such as shared, virtualized and automated IT architectures. However, the introduction of cloud-enabled application platforms will certainly accelerate cloud adoption among businesses of all sizes. Cloud computing is the next big wave in computing. It has many benefits, such as better hardware management, since all the computers are the same and run the same hardware. It also provides for better and easier management of data security, since all the data is located on a central server, so administrators can control who has and doesn't have access to the files.

References: -

1. Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), (2010), Future Jobs: The Employment Challenge 2010, ASSOCHAM, New Delhi.

2. Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India (2009), National Policy on Skill Development, Government of India, New Delhi

3. Director of National Intelligence, “Vision 2015: A Globally Networked and Integrated Intelligence Enterprise”,p24

4. Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber, "Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002.

5. Sheng Yu, “The Application of Data Mining in Government Electronic Public Service,” Journal of Information, pp.88-89, July 2007,(in Chinese).

6. Sarkar, Sandip (2008), Trends and Patterns of Labour Supply and Unemployment in India, ILO Asia Pacific Working Paper Series, ILO Subregional Office for South Asia, New Delhi

7.       Papola T.S. (2008), Employment Challenge and Strategies in India, ILO Asia-Pacific Working Paper Series, ILO Subregional Office for South Asia, New Delhi.